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github.com/acme/payments-service/pull/1847
acme/payments-servicePR #1847

Prevent duplicate settlement retries

Ready for reviewRisk: HighBillingAgent-authored+2,841/−617

Files changed

  • settlement/
    • retry.ts+182 41
    • lock.tsnew+96 0
    • processor.ts+64 22
  • tests/
    • settlement_retry.test.ts+214 8

Dependency flow

  1. webhook.received
  2. settlement/retry.ts
  3. settlement/lock.ts
  4. paymentClient.retry()

What you need to understand

Why this change exists
Settlement retries could execute concurrently after delayed webhook delivery, causing duplicate processor requests.
Design decision
The lock now lives in the caller rather than the payment client, because retry ownership belongs to the settlement lifecycle, not transport.
Rejected approach
A client-level idempotency lock was tested but would have coupled unrelated payment flows.

Comprehension check

3 / 5

Why is the lock acquired before paymentClient.retry() instead of inside the client?

Understanding check pending

Generated from agent session42 files read2 rejected approaches

A pull request in acme/payments-service annotated by Merge Lens: the changed files and dependency flow on the left, and on the right a briefing explaining why the change exists, the design decision behind it, the approach that was rejected, and a free-text comprehension check.

The new bottleneck

The merge queue isn't a review problem anymore. It's a comprehension problem.

A 3,000-line agent-authored PR lands. The reviewer can spend hours reconstructing intent from the finished diff — or approve something they won't be able to explain next quarter.

Modern review tools optimize verification. But as agents get better at verifying their own work, the human job changes. Humans need enough context to participate in what gets built next.

Before AI agents

human-paced
  1. Write
  2. Understand
  3. Review
  4. Merge

With AI agents

agent-paced
  1. Prompt
  2. Agent generates 3,000 lines
  3. Diff
  4. ???The comprehension gap
  5. Merge

The diff is the lossiest possible artifact of what actually happened.

The agent had an entire working session:

  • the original plan
  • prompts
  • files it inspected
  • failed tests
  • rejected approaches
  • intermediate reasoning
  • architectural tradeoffs

At commit time, almost all of it disappears. Traditional review tools only see what survived into the final diff.

Merge Lens captures what the diff throws away.

Agent session

7 artifacts
  • plan.md
  • prompts
  • files read
  • failed tests
  • rejected approach A
  • rejected approach B
  • architecture decisions
git commit

FINAL DIFF

7 of 7 artifacts dropped
  • plan.md
  • prompts
  • files read
  • failed tests
  • rejected approach A
  • rejected approach B
  • architecture decisions

← traditional AI review tools start here

MERGE LENS

session context retained
  • plan.md
  • prompts
  • files read
  • failed tests
  • rejected approach A
  • rejected approach B
  • architecture decisions

How it works

Understanding becomes part of the pull request.

Four stages, all inside the pull request your team already opens. GitHub stays your source of truth — the Merge Lens dashboard is a focused place to browse repositories, read pull requests, and send AI feedback back to the PR.

  1. 01Capture

    Capture the agent session

    Merge Lens records the context generated while Claude Code, Cursor, Codex, or another agent works — before any of it is compressed into a commit.

    • plan.md
    • 18 files inspected
    • 3 test failures
    • 2 approaches rejected
    • 1 implementation shipped
  2. 02Explain

    Generate a human-first explainer

    Instead of walking files alphabetically, the change is organized the way a person actually learns it.

    1. Background
    2. Intent
    3. Architecture
    4. Dependency flow
    5. Implementation
  3. 03Check

    Ask questions that require understanding

    Five free-text questions test whether the author can explain decisions, rather than pattern-match the diff. No multiple choice.

    Question 4 / 5 · free text

    What breaks if the retry lock is moved inside PaymentClient?

  4. 04Merge

    Keep GitHub as the source of truth

    Understanding state is published through GitHub Checks. Nothing replaces the workflow your team already uses.

    • CI / testspassed
    • CodeQLpassed
    • understanding / authorneutral
    • understanding / reviewerneutral

    Required checks are opt-in.

Value by role

Three people read the same PR. They need different things.

Understand the code your agent wrote.

Get a literate walkthrough before you request review.

  • Intent and background, stated once and in order
  • Dependency flow across the files that actually matter
  • The architectural decision, and why the alternative lost
  • Answer the questions before another engineer asks them

Explainer · PR #1847

  1. 01Background — why settlement retries exist
  2. 02Intent — remove concurrent retry windows
  3. 03Architecture — lock ownership moves to caller
  4. 04Dependency flow — webhook → retry → lock
  5. 05Implementation — 4 files, 1 new module

Not another AI code reviewer

Review tools read the diff. Merge Lens remembers how the diff happened.

They solve verification, and they solve it well. We work one layer up: whether the humans on the other side of the merge can explain what shipped.

  • Read finished diffIncludedIncluded
  • Find code issuesIncludedOptional — available but not the focus
  • Summarize changesIncludedIncluded
  • Capture coding-agent sessionNot includedIncluded
  • Preserve rejected approachesNot includedIncluded
  • Test human comprehensionNot includedIncluded
  • Personalize reviewer contextNot includedIncluded
  • Track subsystem understandingNot includedIncluded

Architecture

The explainer gets us installed. The comprehension graph keeps us there.

01

Session Capture

Record what Claude Code, Cursor, Codex, and future agents knew before the final diff existed.

  • 00:00session.startclaude-code
  • 01:12files.read18 paths
  • 04:38approach.rejectedclient-level lock
  • 07:51tests.failed3 cases
  • 11:04diff.emitted+2,841 / −617

Context competitors cannot reconstruct later

02Later

Business-Logic Index

Connect source code to the artifacts that explain it, so questions can be about why the system works this way — not merely what a function does.

  • issues
  • specs
  • ADRs
  • PR discussions
  • test fixtures

“Why does the ledger keep a shadow entry for reversed settlements?”

Grounded in your own history

03Later

Comprehension Graph

Turn understanding into infrastructure for reviewer routing, onboarding, ownership, and bus-factor visibility.

person.aperson.bperson.csettlement/billing/queue/

person × subsystem × confidence × time

Compounds with every merged PR

Event flow

It runs where your pull requests already live.

One GitHub App, one webhook, three generated artifacts, two checks. Nothing to run in CI, nothing to self-host on day one.

GitHubsource
  • pull_request.ready_for_review
Merge Lensprocessing
  • Generate explainer
  • Generate author questions
  • Generate reviewer briefing
GitHub Checkssink
  • understanding / author
  • understanding / reviewer

Setup path

  1. Signup
  2. Install GitHub App
  3. Pick repositories
  4. Sync open PRs
  5. Runs on ready-for-review

Design principles

Designed for comprehension. Never employee surveillance.

01

Risk-tiered, not everywhere

Not every PR needs a comprehension gate. Checks are scoped to changes where losing context actually costs something.

02

Free-text, not multiple choice

Questions ask for an explanation, not a recognition. You cannot pattern-match your way through them, and we would not learn anything if you could.

03

Neutral by default

Understanding checks do not block merges. They report state, unless your organization explicitly turns them into required checks.

04

Never a performance score

Comprehension state is routing and onboarding signal. It is not an input to reviews, ratings, or headcount decisions.

Comprehension scores must never be used for employee performance evaluation.

If people believe the system evaluates them, they will optimize for the score and destroy the signal. We optimize the workflow around learning, routing, and team resilience instead.

Security

Your source code deserves infrastructure-grade boundaries.

Bring your own model key

At launch, organizations can run Merge Lens on their own model credentials. Your code travels a data path you already approved, on a bill you already control.

We publish what is decided and mark what is not. No certification is claimed until it has been audited.

Retention policy
Coming before enterprise launch
Model-training policy
Coming before enterprise launch
Regional processing
Coming before enterprise launch
Repository permissions
Scoped GitHub App install · per-repository selection
Encryption
Coming before enterprise launch
Self-hosted / enterprise
On the roadmap
Security details

Pricing

Price the humans, not the tokens.

Comprehension is a per-person property, so billing follows people who actually ship — not diff size, not model spend.

Team

Early access

$19–29per active contributor / month

Final launch pricing will fall within this range.

  • Unlimited connected repositories
  • PR explainers on ready-for-review
  • Author comprehension checks
  • GitHub Checks integration
  • Reviewer briefings
  • Bring your own model key
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Open source gets the full explainer and comprehension workflow at no cost. Public code is where lost context does the most long-term damage.

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AI code isn't going away

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Give your team the context to understand what agents ship — and merge without turning your codebase into a black box.

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